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Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language
Sayed Aref Arefi,
Abdul Majid Pardes
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
53-59
Received:
15 June 2021
Accepted:
2 July 2021
Published:
27 July 2021
Abstract: By looking at the Pashto language structure, Pashto poem has a sylabotonic system and this prosody is also accepted for the Pashto poem. Pashto poems have its special features starting form syllables to measures, alongside the number of the Pashto syllable, the quality (syllable stress) of the syllable is also being considered in the Pashto syllable, and by looking at both the number of syllable and stress, and the Measure of the Pashto language is being determined. According to the number of syllable, Pashto words have extensive syllables compared to other languages, and most of the words have up to six syllables. The stress of the Pashto language is also spacious and could come at every part of the sentence (beginning, middle, and end) and can change its position while bringing in words. Despite the words stress, the sentence in Pashto language also have stress, by changing pressure in the sentences, it can also affect/change the meaning of the sentences. Base on the syllable numbers, two kind of foots (3 syllables and 4 syllables) can be created in Pashto language, and does not have foots that to be more than 4 syllables or less than 3 syllables. At a result of combining the 3 syllables and 4 syllables foots, and increasing and decreasing the number of syllables, Pashto poems have been made in (196) different measures so far.
Abstract: By looking at the Pashto language structure, Pashto poem has a sylabotonic system and this prosody is also accepted for the Pashto poem. Pashto poems have its special features starting form syllables to measures, alongside the number of the Pashto syllable, the quality (syllable stress) of the syllable is also being considered in the Pashto syllabl...
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Pathology of Human Social Relationships in the Qur'an
Fatemeh Seyfalie,
Sohrab Morovati,
Seyed Mohamadreza Hoseyninia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
60-69
Received:
8 June 2021
Accepted:
16 July 2021
Published:
27 July 2021
Abstract: Improvement in the quality of relationships and benefit from bio-social as much as possible is one of the goals of the Qur'an that has been reflected in social verses. This paper is an interdisciplinary and applied research that aims to extract and represent the three stages of pathology and the connection between Quranic teachings and modern sciences and descriptively-analytically identify the harms of social relations. By combining the triangle of behavior mechanism and the social cognitive theory of Bandura and by following the three stages of pathology, an innovative structure in the pathology of social relationships has been achieved, which is in line with the findings of psychology and confirms Quranic teachings. The structure first identifies the desired state, then diagnoses harms, and finally presents strategies for preventing and treating harms in four dimensions: cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and environmental. It also demonstrates that in the identification phase the absence or defect of any of the components may damage interpersonal relationships. In the diagnosis and introduction phases, any of the harms can take the relationship out of the desired and effective state. In the prevention and treatment phases, the teachings of the Holy Quran have a systematic structure that can create a great change in improving social relations.
Abstract: Improvement in the quality of relationships and benefit from bio-social as much as possible is one of the goals of the Qur'an that has been reflected in social verses. This paper is an interdisciplinary and applied research that aims to extract and represent the three stages of pathology and the connection between Quranic teachings and modern scien...
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Analysis of Yvonne Owuor’s Dust from the Perspective of Socialist Realism Literary Theory
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
70-76
Received:
9 July 2021
Accepted:
27 July 2021
Published:
9 August 2021
Abstract: This study entitled Analysis of Yvonne Owuor’s Dust from the Perspective of Socialist Realism Literary Theory attempts to read a Contemporary Anglophone Kenyan novel through the lens of Socialist Realism. Socialist Realism appeared for the first time in a speech of 17th May 1932 by Ivan Gronsky, and gaining worldwide recognition with postcolonial literary works, has been a focal point of different scholarly studies. In Kenya, the author such as Ngugi wa Thiong'o wrote literary works which can be seen in Socialist Realist eyes. The motivations behind taking up this topic are to fill the research gap in reading a novel from Kenya and to observe the trend in the practice of Socialist Realism. The paper aims to show the re-emergence of Socialist Realism literary theory and the presence of Socialist Realist authors; after it was considered an outdated literary theory. And how the novelist from Kenya has applied the features that Socialist Realism is known. One novel has been chosen for this study, Dust. The novel was published after 2000 G.C. To read the novel, the theoretical framework forms at using Socialist Realism different features theorized by critics. The study concludes by finding major features of Socialist realism in the novel. These are optimism, socialist Humanism, class-ness, people-ness, Romanticism and positive hero. And the novelist in Kenya used Socialist Realism associating it with their contexts, connecting it with their respective historical background, shared current statues, commenting on existing economic, social, and political situations.
Abstract: This study entitled Analysis of Yvonne Owuor’s Dust from the Perspective of Socialist Realism Literary Theory attempts to read a Contemporary Anglophone Kenyan novel through the lens of Socialist Realism. Socialist Realism appeared for the first time in a speech of 17th May 1932 by Ivan Gronsky, and gaining worldwide recognition with postcolonial l...
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